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seismic tomography
Seismic tomography is a technique for imaging Earth’s sub-surface characteristics in an effort to understand deep geologic structure. Gathering ample compressional wave (P-wave) and transverse wave (S-wave) travel time measurements allows us to compile 3D images of earth’s velocity structure.
==Theory==
Tomography is solved as an inverse problem. First measurements are made of seismic waves passing through a material. The character of these measurements is then analyzed to make inferences on the material such waves have passed through (velocity, density, etc.).〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.landtech.org/pdf/pdf1.pdf )〕 The velocity of p and s waves depends on the rheology of the material that they travel through (density and elasticity). In short, variations in chemical compositions and thermal structure result in a change of velocity. Such waves can travel faster through relatively colder material.〔〕 It is observed that wave velocity increases with increasing depth from 2–8 km/s in the crust up to 13 km/s in the mantle. Current research is based on this premise.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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